Outlines

      I.         Introduction

A.   The Republic of the Philippines is an island country in SE Asia.

1.     It consists about 7100 islands

a.    2770 of the islands are named

b.    1000 are inhabited

2.     Luzon and Mindanao are the two largest islands; its territory corresponds to two-thirds of the country.

3.    The land is mountainous, unstable and prone to earthquakes.

4.    It has several active volcanoes

a.     One of the volcanoes is the highest peak, Mount Apo, at 2954m.

    II.        Body

A.   Climate

1.    A tropical climate with high temperatures.

2.    From December to April is the dry season

3.    The rest of the year is wet.

4.    Typhoons periodically strike the E coast bringing high rainfall

B.   History

1.    In the late 14^th century the Islam was introduced in Philippines.

2.     In 1521, the European Ferdinand Magellan reached this country.

a.    In 1565, Spanish explorers claimed the region and they established their first permanent settlement on Cebu.

b.    In 1571, the Spanish discovered Manila and named the archipelago Filipinas.

c.    The Spaniards regarded their new territory as a stepping stone to the Spice Islands to the south.

d.    The Spanish converted most of the population to Roman Catholicism failing with the Muslims on Mindanao and Sulu.

3.    In the 18^th century the economy grew when the islands were opened up to foreign trade.

a.    A revolutionary society called Katipunan launched a revolt against Spanish rule in 1896.

b.    The revolt was put down and the rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo left the country.

c.    United States declared war to Spain in 1898.

d.    The major engagement of this war was the destruction of all the Spanish ships in Manila bay.

e.    Aguinaldo returned to the country and formed and army to fight in the war.

f.     He proclaimed Philippines as an independent nation.

g.    Aguinaldo led a fight for independence until 1902.

4.    The Philippines became a self-governing US Commonwealth in 1935 and was guaranteed full independence after a ten-year transitional period.

a.    Japanese troops occupied the islands in World War 2, capturing Manila in 1942.

b.    In 1944, United States began to reclaim the islands.

c.    Finally in July 4^th/ 1946 Philippines achieved independence.

C.   Politics

1.    From 1946 until 1971 the country was governed under a US-style constitution.

a.    In 1971 were proposed some changes in the constitution but the President declared martial law before they could be ratified.

b.    Benigno Aquino, Jr, was sentenced to death but with the choice to escape to the US.

c.    In 1981 was lifted the Martial law, but when Aquino returned in 1983 he was killed.

2.    In 2001 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo became president and set out to try to find peace in the southern Philippines.

a.    The government put down military rebellion in 2003.

b.    Despite corruption allegations Gloria arroyo was re- elected in 2004.

D.   Economy

1.    The Philippines is a developing country with a ‘lower-middle-income’ economy.

a.    40% of the workforce is Agriculture.

b.     The main food crops are, rice and maize, and also, bananas, cassava, coconuts, coffee, cocoa, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, tobacco and fruits.

c.     Farm animals include goats, water buffalo and pigs.

d.    Forestry is a valuable industry

e.    Sea fishing is important.

2.    Data

a.    Area

b.    Population

c.    Capital

d.    Government

e.    Ethnic groups

f.     Languages

g.    Religions

h.    Currency

i.      GDP per capita

area	300,000 sq km (116,000 sq miles)
population	99,900,000
capital	Manila
government	Multiparty republic
ethnic groups	Christian Malay 92%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese and others
languages	Filipino (Tagalog) and English (both official), Spanish and many others
religions	Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Islam 5%
currency	Philippine peso = 100 centavos
GDP per capita	3,300 US$

   III.        Citations

A.   (Philippines, 2008)

Philippines. (2008). Retrieved from Oxford Reference Online Premium: http://www.oxfordreference.com.db16.linccweb.org/views/ENTRY.html?entry=t142.e8982

Outline 2

      I.        Introduction

A.   The Philippines consists of more than 7000 islands and his major religion is Catholic.

B.   The Muslims want to create a Islamic state because their religion and the Christians have always had a polemic relationship.

    II.        Body

A.   The Islam was introduced by the Brunei in the 1400s

1.    The Muslims established two sultanates

a.    This permitted some native groups to get incorporated in the area.

2.    In 1565, the Spanish arrived to the country

a.    They converted most of the people in the north to Christianism.

b.    In the south they couldn’t convert the people, so they called them Moros.

B.   There were many wars between the Spanish and the Moros during the colony.

1.    The colonial government abandoned its idea of converting the Muslims and started worrying about the control of the southern islands.

2.    The destruction caused by the fighting led the Moros to sign a peace treaty with Spain.

3.    Spain gave the control of Philippines to the United States as it was stated in the Treaty of Paris (1898).

C.   Muslims were asked to be excluded from the independent nation.

1.    They wanted to maintain an American protection until they could have a separate nation.

2.    In 1946 United States gave the independence to Philippines, but included the Moros regions, which they didn’t like.

D.   Islam has become very important to the Moros.

1.    There were new religious schools in the southern islands.

2.    The government didn’t care about the concerns of the Moros and kept discriminating them.

3.    Some of the Moros just wanted to preserve their identity and other ones supported the idea of a different nation.

E.   The president declared martial law in 1972 so they can disarm the Moros.

1.    The most popular group in the resistance movement was Moro National Liberation Front.

a.    This called for the independence of a Muslim republic.

F.    The support of Libya and the OIC helped to escalate the war from 1973 to 1976.

1.    Philippines signed an agreement to give autonomy to the Filipino provinces.

2.    Even though the agreement failed in some aspects, it did grant certain concessions of the Moros.

a.    The schools attended by Muslims can instruct them in Arabic.

   III.        Conclusion

A.   Some Moro groups continued to demand the withdrawal of the Muslim provinces from the Philippines.

1.    The MILF was established to maintain the struggle for Moro independence and the formation of an Islamic state.

2.    In 1986, the army left the Muslim region to combat communist rebels.

  IV.        Citations

Esposito, J. L. (2004, December 1). Philippines. Retrieved from SIRS: http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SFL0180-0-2235&artno=0000280602&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=Philippines&title=Philippines&res=Y&ren=N&gov=N&lnk=N&ic=N